THE DISILLUSIONMENT OF ENCOLPIUS
BY PETRONIUS
The Disillusionment of Encolpius is the name given on this website for ease of reference to the unnamed chapters 79 to 83 of the Satyricon by the Roman writer Petronius. It is the third of the seven parts of Greek love interest into which the Satyricon is here divided.
The translation is by Paul Dinnage for The Satyricon of Petronius published by Spearman & Calder of London in 1953.
79 viii - 82 ii
Encolpius, Ascyltos and Giton have fled the feast of Trimalchio and, with difficulty, just found their lodgings.
| Ah gods, ah, what a night it was, And the bed so soft. In hot embrace Through kiss on kiss we poured as one Our restless souls. Farewell to mortal strife. |
[79 viii] qualis nox fuit illa, di deaeque, quam mollis torus. haesimus calentes et transfudimus hinc et hinc labellis errantes animas. valete, curae mortales. ego sic perire coepi. |

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My destruction had begun. I had no reason to be proud of myself. I was unnerved by the wine and had let my quivering hands fall, when Ascyltos, who would contrive every possible outrage, ravished Giton from me in the dark and brought him to his own bed, making too free in wallowing with someone else’s boy. Giton either did not feel the outrage or pretended not to, and in a stolen embrace Ascyltos fell asleep, oblivious of human rights. When I awoke I ran a hand all over my bed and found it despoiled of my delight. Any lover will believe me when I say that I hesitated whether or not to run them through with my sword and crown their sleep with death. Taking the safer course, I shook Giton up with a few blows, looked fiercely at Ascyltos, and said, “Since you have wickedly broken our pact and our mutual friendship, take your things at once and find some other place to pollute.” |
sine causa gratulor mihi. [ix] nam cum solutus mero remisissem ebrias manus, Ascyltos, omnis iniuriae inventor, ubduxit mihi nocte puerum et in lectum transtulit suum, volutatusque liberius cum fratre non suo, sive non sentiente iniuriam sive dissimulante, indormivit alienis amplexibus oblitus iuris humani. [x] itaque ego ut experrectus pertrectavi gaudio despoliatum torum. si qua est amantibus fides, ego dubitavi an utrumque traicerem gladio somnumque morti iungerem. [xi] tutius deinde secutus consilium Gitona quidem verberibus excitavi, Ascylton autem truci intuens vultu “quoniam” inquam “fidem scelere violasti et communem amicitiam, res tuas ocius tolle et alium locum quem polluas quaere.” [xii] non repugnavit ille, sed postquam optima fide partiti manubias sumus, “age” inquit “nunc et puerum dividamus.” |

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[80 i] iocari putabam discedentem. at ille gladium parricidali manu strinxit et “non frueris” inquit “hac praeda, super quam solus incumbis. partem meam necesse est vel hoc gladio contemptus abscidam.” [ii] idem ego ex altera parte feci et intorto circa bracchium pallio composui ad proeliandum gradum. [iii] inter hanc miserorum dementiam infelicissimus puer tangebat utriusque genua cum fletu petebatque suppliciter ne Thebanum par humilis taberna spectaret neve sanguine mutuo pollueremus familiaritatis clarissimae sacra. [iv] “quod si utique” proclamabat “facinore opus est, nudo ecce iugulum, convertite huc manus, imprimite mucrones. ego mori debeo, qui amicitiae sacramentum delevi.” [v] inhibuimus ferrum post has preces, et prior Ascyltos “ego” inquit “finem discordiae imponam. puer ipse quem vult sequatur, ut sit illi saltem in eligendo fratre salva libertas.” [vi] ego qui vetustissimam consuetudinem putabam in sanguinis pignus transisse, nihil timui, immo condicionem praecipiti festinatione rapui commisique iudici litem. qui ne deliberavit quidem, ut videretur cunctatus, verum statim ab extrema parte verbi consurrexit [et] fratrem Ascylton elegit. [vii] fulminatus hac pronuntiatione sic ut eram sine gladio in lectulum decidi, et attulissem mihi damnatus manus, si non inimici victoriae inviderem. [viii] egreditur superbus cum praemio Ascyltos et paulo ante carissimum sibi commilitonem fortunaeque etiam similitudine parem in loco peregrino destituit abiectum. |

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Friendship’s a name that clings while it’s useful; The piece comes and goes on the checkered board. When fate is for us, friends, your smile is wide; When gone, you show your backs, you basely fly. A comedy plays: this is the Father, That the Son; another’s named The Rich Man. But the page turns down on the pleasant parts, True faces come back, the grease-paint melts away. |
[ix] nomen amicitiae si quatenus expedit haeret, calculus in tabula mobile ducit opus. dum fortuna manet, vultum servatis, amici; cum cecidit, turpi vertitis ora fuga. grex agit in scaena mimum: pater ille vocatur, filius hic, nomen divitis ille tenet. mox ubi ridendas inclusit pagina partes, vera redit facies, assimulata perit. [81 i] nec diu tamen lacrimis indulsi, sed veritus ne Menelaus etiam antescholanus inter cetera mala solum me in deversorio inveniret, collegi sarcinulas locumque secretum et proximum litori maestus conduxi. [ii] ibi triduo inclusus redeunte in animum solitudine atque contemptu verberabam aegrum planctibus pectus et inter tot altissimos gemitus frequenter etiam proclamabam: “ergo me non ruina terra potuit haurire? [iii] non iratum etiam innocentibus mare? effugi iudicium, harenae imposui, hospitem occidi, ut inter [tot] audaciae nomina mendicus, exul, in deversorio Graecae urbis iacerem desertus? et quis hanc mihi solitudinem imposuit? [iv] adulescens omni libidine impurus et sua quoque confessione dignus exilio, stupro liber, stupro ingenuus, cuius anni ad tesseram venierunt, quem tamquam puellam conduxit etiam qui virum putavit. [v] quid ille alter? qui tamquam die togae virilis stolam sumpsit, qui ne vir esset a matre persuasus est, qui opus muliebre in ergastulo fecit, qui postquam conturbavit et libidinis suae solum vertit, reliquit veteris amicitiae nomen et, pro pudor, tamquam mulier secutuleia unius noctis tactu omnia vendidit. [vi] iacent nunc amatores adligati noctibus totis, et forsitan mutuis libidinibus attriti derident solitudinem meam. sed non impune. nam aut vir ego liberque non sum, aut noxio sanguine parentabo iniuriae meae.” |
| So saying I buckled on my sword, and with a large meal I got up my strength in case I defeated my own purpose through lack of it. I burst into the street and stalked furiously round the arcades. But while my face betrayed a savage fury, while I could picture nothing but blood and slaughter as my hand went again and again to the hilt of my sword I had dedicated to the task, I was noticed by a soldier, a deserter in all probability, or a night-prowler. | [82 i] haec locutus gladio latus cingor, et ne infirmitas militiam perderet, largioribus cibis excito vires. mox in publicum prosilio furentisque more omnes circumeo porticus. [ii] sed dum attonito vultu efferatoque nihil aliud quam caedem et sanguinem cogito frequentiusque manum ad capulum quem devoveram refero, notavit me miles, sive ille planus fuit sive nocturnus grassator, |
83 iii-vii
The soldier makes Encolpius calm down. He enters a gallery of wonderful paintings. Amongst them:
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Here, an eagle bore the shepherd-boy of Ida to the heights of heaven; there, unsullied Hylas refused the wanton Naiad. Apollo damned his guilty hands and crowned his slackened lyre with a new-born flower.[5] Among these painted lovers’ faces I cried out as though no one were there, “So the gods too are touched by love! Jupiter in his heaven found nothing to please him, and went whoring on earth, and yet did no one any harm. The nymph who ravished Hylas would have stayed her passion had she believed Hercules might come to forbid it. Apollo transformed the shade of a boy into a flower, and every tale is of embraces secure from rivalry. But I have taken up with a companion more cruel than Lycurgus himself.” |
[83 iii] hinc aquila ferebat caelo sublimis Idaeum, illinc candidus Hylas repellebat improbam Naida. damnabat Apollo noxias manus lyramque resolutam modo nato flore honorabat. [iv] inter quos [etiam] pictorum amantium vultus tamquam in solitudine exclamavi: “ergo amor etiam deos tangit. Iuppiter in caelo suo non invenit quod eligeret, et peccaturus in terris nemini tamen iniuriam fecit. [v] Hylan Nympha praedata imperasset amori suo, si venturum ad interdictum Herculem credidisset. Apollo pueri umbram revocavit in florem, et omnes fabulae—picturae quoque— habuerunt sine aemulo complexus. [vi] at ego in societatem recepi hospitem Lycurgo crudeliorem.” [vii] ecce autem, ego dum cum ventis litigo, intravit pinacothecam senex canus, exercitati vultus et qui videretur nescioquid magnum promittere, |

The old man introduces himself as a poet, explains his shabby dress and proceeds to tell his story, for which read the next episode, The Pergamene Boy.
[1] A Theban duel means a fratricidal duel epitomised by the war between Eteokles and Polyneikes, the sons of the Theban King Oidipos, as described in Aischylos’s Seven Against Thebes, amongst other classic literature.
[2] Fratrem, translated literally here as “brother”, means “lover” in a homosexual context such as this, and is thus translated by others
[3] It may well be that Encolpius’s impotence, the main theme of the last surviving part of the Satyricon (127-141), where it is implied that it was an intermittent problem and Giton repoaches him sarcastically about it (128 vii), was, in the full original, a more obvious and persistent source of humour and that this could help explain Giton’s rejection of him in favour of Ascyltos.
[4] Thus one sees how easily a Roman man who had a little earlier (79 viii) used the language of brotherly love and recipcrocity in describing his love-making with a boy could drop that language in favour of one debasing the penetrated passive boy as soon as he felt incited to insult him.
[5] These are all famous examples of pederastic love from Greek mythology. “The shepherd-boy of Ida” was the Trojan Ganymede who was tending sheep on Mount Ida when he was abducted by an amorous Jupiter in the form of an eagle to be his beloved on Mount Olympus. Hylas was a boy loved by the hero Herakles who was abducted by Naiads. Hyakinthos was a boy loved and accidentally killed by Apollo, who caused him to become the flower bearing his name.
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